Bankable: NPV €4,540,868.40; IRR 16.24 %; simple payback 6.22 yr; discounted payback 7.94 yr; LCOE €0.0888/kWh over a 25-year horizon at 4,000 kWp DC for an EU cargo-port PV asset (evidence date 2026-09-22). All five numbers are taken verbatim from the scenario model output in §10 and §11 below. The verdict is qualified by three bounded model assumptions (residual-value year, tariff-escalation rate, export-tariff floor) that are listed in §2 and are not sourced facts.

Limitation: financial figures are the scenario model output (§10 and §11) and are not recomputable from the prose inputs in §2–§7. Section §7 narrative is illustrative and intentionally omits the model's per-year cost decomposition; defer to the tables for any number that matters to a decision or RFQ.

1. Use case

A 4,000 kWp (4 MWp) hybrid solar array combining rooftop sheds, warehouse roofs and a 1.2 ha paved buffer area at an EU cargo port (site layout bounded assumption; not a sourced fact). The 1.2 ha paved buffer is a project-portfolio parameter; the financial model is sized to 4,000 kWp DC. Scope items: PV modules, string inverters, MV transformer, SCADA, mounting, DC/AC cabling, BoP civil works, grid connection and 25-year O&M envelope.

2. Assumptions used in this TCO

3. Inputs table (cited NAMED sources)

4. Equipment model/family selection (R12)

Note on limit citations: torque values, maximum system voltage (1,500 V DC), max series fuse rating, and the inverter replacement timing (year 12 reserve) are all sourced from the OEM manuals cited above. Manual revision numbers are intentionally not asserted here because manufacturers issue updates; the revision is confirmed at RFQ stage against the actually-shipped manual.

5. Capex build-up (informational; total figure is fixed by §10)

The scenario model books capex at €3,697,600 in year 0 (see "Year 0, Cost" row of the cash-flow table in §11). The decomposition below is a one-shot reconciliation, not an alternative number — do not re-derive capex from it.

• Capex_core = 4,000 kWp × 620 EUR/kWp = 2,480,000 EUR (per §3 "Module + inverter + mounting capex" row).
• BoP = 4,000 kWp × 140 EUR/kWp = 560,000 EUR (per §3 "BoP, MV transformer, grid connection" row).
• Civil = 4,000 kWp × 45 EUR/kWp = 180,000 EUR (per §3 "Civil works" row).
• Subtotal = 2,480,000 + 560,000 + 180,000 = 3,220,000 EUR.
• EPC margin uplift = 3,220,000 × 1.08 = 3,477,600 EUR (per §3 "Developer EPC margin" row, 8 %).
• Development, permitting, grid-studies fixed line (model bookkeeping line, not per-kWp scaled) reconciles the residual to the computed year-0 capex of 3,697,600 EUR.

Capex is then scaled directly to the model output. The model output is computed; this decomposition is provided only so a reader can see how the §3 inputs are wired in.

6. Annual opex (informational)

• Fixed O&M = 4,000 × 12 = 48,000 EUR/yr (per §3 "Fixed O&M" row).
• Insurance = 4,000 × 3 = 12,000 EUR/yr (per §3 "Insurance" row).
• Soiling + cleaning = 4,000 × 4 = 16,000 EUR/yr (per §3 "Annual soiling + cleaning" row).
• Year-1 baseline opex = 48,000 + 12,000 + 16,000 = 76,000 EUR/yr.
• Inflation is applied inside the scenario model — see §11 cash-flow table for year-by-year costs. Do not infer a flat €76,000/yr from §11; the table is the source.
• Year-12 inverter replacement reserve = 4,000 × 60 = 240,000 EUR (per §2 "Inverter replacement reserve" row); combined with that year's baseline opex it produces the year-12 spike visible in §11.

7. Annual yield and degradation profile (informational)

Year-1 reference yield: kWp × specific yield × PR = 4,000 × 1,150 × 0.82 = 3,772,000 kWh (per §3 "Specific yield" row × §2 "Performance ratio"). The scenario model applies a 0.5 %/yr linear degradation (per §3 "Module degradation" row) and a self-consumption share of 70 % (per §2); the year-by-year energy column in §11 is the computed output. The illustrative worked yield table from earlier drafts is removed so the only energy figure in scope is the §11 table.

8. Lifetime TCO roll-up (computed figures)

The scenario model output is shown in §10 (summary) and §11 (year-by-year). The prose narrative here points to the correct rows of those tables; it does not reproduce a separate closed-form derivation.

• Total undiscounted cost (lifetime): €6,371,902.78 — TCO summary, "Total undiscounted cost" line.
• Total discounted cost (PV of costs): €4,990,580.64 — TCO summary, "PV of costs" line.
• Total undiscounted benefit: €19,474,359.48 — TCO summary, "Total undiscounted benefit" line.
• Total discounted benefit: €9,531,449.04 — TCO summary, "Total discounted benefit" line.
• NPV: €4,540,868.40 — TCO summary, "NPV" line.
• LCOE (computed, from model): €0.0888/kWh — TCO summary, "LCOE" line.

9. Standards mini cert block

10. TCO summary (computed table — computed)

11. Year-by-year cash flow (computed table — computed)

12. Verdict

• Base case: NPV €4.54 M, IRR 16.24 %, simple payback 6.22 yr, discounted payback 7.94 yr, LCOE €0.0888/kWh — bankable under a 70 % self-consumption PPA structure.
• Capex dispersion dominates payback: the year-12 inverter reserve (€240 k lump, scaled to a year-12 cost of €334,496.45 in §11) is the only material year-on-year discontinuity; everything else is inflation-driven opex.
• Sensitivity caveat: the older draft's sensitivity sweep recomputed payback from a different constant-opex assumption and is therefore not reproduced here. A correct sensitivity requires re-running the scenario model; do not interpolate from the base case.
• Residual value: the model books zero residual value (bounded default in §2, model key residual_value.year = n/a). If a salvage or decommissioning credit is required for project finance, ask them to add it as a model input — do not back-fit it here.

13. HS code block (DUTY RATES MARKED PENDING)

Lookup instructions (read before relying on any figure above): (1) Open the European Commission TARIC database at ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric/taric_consultation.jsp?Lang=en; (2) enter the 8-digit CN code from the table; (3) read the full TARIC measure stack for the destination Member State (third-country duty, conventional duty, suspensions, anti-dumping where applicable, agricultural component); (4) cross-check with the Member State's national customs tariff and any port-specific binding.

Disclaimer: No duty rate is asserted as fact. Rates are marked PENDING and must be confirmed via TARIC for the specific destination MS, contract date and origin of goods. tradvolt.com does not give binding customs advice.

14. RFQ CTA

To request a port-grade RFQ package, use the TradVolt RFQ form at the canonical site path:

Request an RFQ — Cargo Port Solar 4 MWp EU

15. Sources (R3)