Tradvolt › Use Cases › Factory Solar 5 MWp — AU R9
Factory Solar 5 MWp — Australia Use-Case & TCO
noindex internal R9
Verdict (answer first)
Proceed to RFQ. NPV = 11,380,668 AUD over 25 years at 7.00% WACC; IRR = 25.73%; simple payback = 4.09 years; discounted payback = 4.94 years; LCOE = 0.0646 AUD/kWh. Equipment family: 5 MWp of LONGi Hi-MO 5m (LR5 series, bifacial mono-PERC) with Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1 string inverters on a K2 Systems N-Rack roof mount. Location: Australian industrial rooftop. Horizon: 25 years. Evidence date: 2026-09-22. Limitation: figures are the COMMITTED COMPUTED TABLES in §3–§4; tariff escalator, self-consumption ratio, avoided tariff, capex per Wp and export tariff below are bounded model assumptions, not sourced facts.
| Decision point | Value | Reading |
|---|---|---|
| NPV @ 7% WACC, 25 yr | 11,380,667.80 AUD | Strongly positive |
| IRR | 25.73% | Well above 7% hurdle |
| Simple payback | 4.09 yr | Inside capex-recovery window |
| Discounted payback | 4.94 yr | Inside capex-recovery window |
| LCOE | 0.0646 AUD/kWh | Below typical AU C&I grid tariff band |
| Total undiscounted cost (AUD) | 7,906,446.70 | — |
| PV of costs (AUD) | 6,129,904.12 | — |
| Total discounted benefit (AUD) | 17,510,571.93 | — |
| Verdict | Proceed to RFQ subject to PR measurement & HS-code verification (see §6) | |
Request pricing: Submit an RFQ via the Tradvolt RFQ form (canonical site path).
1. Equipment (named, publicly marketed)
| Line | Model / family | Role | Manufacturer page |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modules | LONGi Hi-MO 5m (LR5-72HBD / LR5-54HTH, bifacial mono-PERC) | DC generator, ~5 MWp | LONGi Hi-MO 5m family page |
| String inverters | Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1 (330 kW, 1500 V DC, 8 MPPT) | DC-AC conversion, C&I 3-phase | Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1 product page |
| Mounting structure | K2 Systems N-Rack system (driven-pile / roof-adapted rail) | Module support, ballast/fixing | K2 Systems N-Rack system page |
Module/inverter datasheets and the K2 installation manual (revision confirmed at RFQ) define the torque limits, max system voltage, MPPT operating window and module bifaciality assumptions. Exact SKU is locked at RFQ award; the family names above are bounded model assumptions until then.
2. Inputs (sourced + explicit bounded assumptions)
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Source / status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nameplate capacity | 5.0 | MWp | Site brief |
| Year-1 generation (PVGIS-SARAH2, AU industrial rooftop reference) | 8,500,000.00 | kWh | EC JRC PVGIS + EU PVGIS calculator |
| Specific yield (derived from year-1 generation) | 1700 | kWh/kWp/yr | Derived from PVGIS year-1 figure ÷ 5.0 MWp |
| Performance Ratio (PR) | 0.82 | dimensionless | PR band: IEA-PVPS Trends in PV Applications 2024 |
| Module degradation | 0.5%/yr | p.a. | PR band: IEA-PVPS Trends in PV Applications 2024 |
| Avoided tariff (model input) | 0.18 | AUD/kWh | Model assumption: explicit bounded default; cross-check against AU industrial tariff band before commit |
| Tariff escalator | 3.0%/yr | p.a. | Model assumption: explicit bounded default |
| Self-consumption ratio | 0.70 | dimensionless | Model assumption: explicit bounded default for continuous-load factory |
| System capex (model input) | 0.95 | AUD/Wp | Model assumption: explicit bounded default; UK C&I benchmark: DESNZ solar PV cost data |
| O&M | 1.4% of capex | p.a. | Model assumption: bounded default |
| Insurance | 0.3% of capex | p.a. | Model assumption: bounded default |
| Inverter replacement (mid-life) | ~12% of capex (single line at Y12) | one-off | Model assumption: bounded default, consistent with Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1 string-inverter mid-life refresh convention |
| Decommission reserve (Y25) | ~6% of capex | end-of-life | Model assumption: bounded default |
| WACC | 7.00%/yr | p.a. | Model assumption: bounded default; AU reference rates: RBA |
| Horizon | 25 | years | Standard industrial-PV horizon |
| Residual value | explicit bounded default = 0 AUD; recognised at end-of-horizon | AUD | Model assumption |
| Residual value year | 25 | years | Model assumption |
| PV export tariff (kWh exported beyond self-consumption) | 0.00 AUD/kWh | AUD/kWh | Model assumption: explicit bounded default; AU behind-the-meter export compensation is scheme- and DNSP-dependent; verify with DNSP before commit |
3. Computed TCO summary (SCENARIO OUTPUTS)
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | AUD |
| Horizon (years) | 25 |
| Discount rate | 7.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (AUD) | 7,906,446.70 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (AUD) | 6,129,904.12 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (AUD) | 40,858,638.58 |
| Total discounted benefit (AUD) | 17,510,571.93 |
| NPV (AUD) | 11,380,667.80 |
| IRR | 0.2573 |
| Simple payback (year) | 4.09 |
| Discounted payback (year) | 4.94 |
| LCOE (AUD/kWh) | 0.0646 |
4. Year-by-year cash flow (SCENARIO OUTPUTS)
| Year | Cost (AUD) | Benefit (AUD) | Net (AUD) | Discount factor | Discounted net (AUD) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 4,750,000.00 | 0.0000 | -4,750,000.00 | 1.00 | -4,750,000.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 80,750.00 | 1,198,500.00 | 1,117,750.00 | 0.9346 | 1,044,626.17 | 8,500,000.00 |
| 2 | 82,365.00 | 1,228,282.73 | 1,145,917.73 | 0.8734 | 1,000,888.92 | 8,457,500.00 |
| 3 | 84,012.30 | 1,258,805.55 | 1,174,793.25 | 0.8163 | 958,981.24 | 8,415,212.50 |
| 4 | 85,692.55 | 1,290,086.87 | 1,204,394.32 | 0.7629 | 918,826.66 | 8,373,136.44 |
| 5 | 87,406.40 | 1,322,145.53 | 1,234,739.13 | 0.7130 | 880,351.94 | 8,331,270.76 |
| 6 | 89,154.52 | 1,355,000.84 | 1,265,846.32 | 0.6663 | 843,486.85 | 8,289,614.40 |
| 7 | 90,937.62 | 1,388,672.61 | 1,297,735.00 | 0.6227 | 808,164.14 | 8,248,166.33 |
| 8 | 92,756.37 | 1,423,181.13 | 1,330,424.76 | 0.5820 | 774,319.32 | 8,206,925.50 |
| 9 | 94,611.50 | 1,458,547.18 | 1,363,935.69 | 0.5439 | 741,890.64 | 8,165,890.87 |
| 10 | 96,503.72 | 1,494,792.08 | 1,398,288.35 | 0.5083 | 710,818.89 | 8,125,061.42 |
| 11 | 98,433.80 | 1,531,937.66 | 1,433,503.86 | 0.4751 | 681,047.36 | 8,084,436.11 |
| 12 | 670,402.48 | 1,570,006.31 | 899,603.84 | 0.4440 | 399,434.86 | 8,044,013.93 |
| 13 | 102,410.52 | 1,609,020.97 | 1,506,610.44 | 0.4150 | 625,189.77 | 8,003,793.86 |
| 14 | 104,458.74 | 1,649,005.14 | 1,544,546.40 | 0.3878 | 599,001.73 | 7,963,774.89 |
| 15 | 106,547.91 | 1,689,982.92 | 1,583,435.01 | 0.3624 | 573,909.72 | 7,923,956.02 |
| 16 | 108,678.87 | 1,731,978.99 | 1,623,300.12 | 0.3387 | 549,867.91 | 7,884,336.23 |
| 17 | 110,852.45 | 1,775,018.67 | 1,664,166.23 | 0.3166 | 526,832.41 | 7,844,914.55 |
| 18 | 113,069.49 | 1,819,127.88 | 1,706,058.39 | 0.2959 | 504,761.12 | 7,805,689.98 |
| 19 | 115,330.88 | 1,864,333.21 | 1,749,002.33 | 0.2765 | 483,613.72 | 7,766,661.53 |
| 20 | 117,637.50 | 1,910,661.89 | 1,793,024.39 | 0.2584 | 463,351.58 | 7,727,828.22 |
| 21 | 119,990.25 | 1,958,141.84 | 1,838,151.59 | 0.2415 | 443,937.66 | 7,689,189.08 |
| 22 | 122,390.06 | 2,006,801.67 | 1,884,411.61 | 0.2257 | 425,336.51 | 7,650,743.14 |
| 23 | 124,837.86 | 2,056,670.69 | 1,931,832.83 | 0.2109 | 407,514.11 | 7,612,489.42 |
| 24 | 127,334.62 | 2,107,778.95 | 1,980,444.34 | 0.1971 | 390,437.91 | 7,574,426.97 |
| 25 | 129,881.31 | 2,160,157.26 | 2,030,275.95 | 0.1842 | 374,076.67 | 7,536,554.84 |
Tables §3 and §4 are the COMPUTED TABLES. No other financial figure is asserted in this document; all narrative refers back to these cells.
5. Certification & compliance pointers (verify with EPC)
| Item | Standard / scheme (designation, edition, issuer) | Issuer / register | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| PV modules (LONGi Hi-MO 5m family) | UL 61730-1 (Photovoltaic (PV) Module Safety Qualification — Part 1) | UL Standards & Engagement | none claimed; verify with EPC at RFQ |
| PV modules (design qualification) | IEC 61215-1:2021 ed2 (design qualification test requirements for c-Si & thin-film flat-plate PV modules, TC 82) | IEC Webstore | none claimed; verify with EPC at RFQ |
| String inverter (Huawei SUN2000-330KTL-H1) | IEC 62109-1:2010 (Safety of power converters for use in PV power systems — Part 1: General requirements, TC 82); use jointly with IEC 62109-2:2011 (Part 2: Particular requirements for inverters) | IEC Webstore (62109-1) · IEC Webstore (62109-2) | none claimed; verify with EPC at RFQ |
| Designer / installer accreditation (AU) | CEC accreditation (Clean Energy Council, designer/installer) | Clean Energy Council Products Program (verify accreditation register before contract award) | none claimed; verify with EPC at RFQ |
| Module / inverter listing (AU) | CEC approved product list (modules & inverters) | Clean Energy Council Products Program (verify listing before contract award) | none claimed; verify with EPC at RFQ |
No certification numbers are asserted. Listing/accreditation registers must be checked at RFQ award against the exact SKU shipped.
6. HS-code block & customs lookup path
| Item | HS code (suggested) | Description basis | AU duty |
|---|---|---|---|
| PV modules | 8541.43 | WCO HS Nomenclature 2022 edition — photovoltaic cells & panels | PENDING |
| String inverters | 8504.40 | WCO HS 2022 — static converters | PENDING |
| Mounting structure | 7308.90 | WCO HS 2022 — other structures & parts | PENDING |
| DC cabling | 8544.49 | WCO HS 2022 — other electric conductors | PENDING |
Mandatory customs lookup before any entry:
- Open the Australian Border Force Working Tariff (free online) and confirm the 10-digit customs tariff for each line above via the current tariff / tariff-classification page.
- For origin-based preferences, consult the relevant free-trade-agreement text on the DFAT FTA index for the specific HS subheading.
- If GST applies to the import, factor it on top of (Duty + Customs Value); GST is not a duty.
Disclaimer. Duty figures are marked PENDING by policy. Tradvolt does not assert a duty rate as fact. Any final duty payable depends on (a) the exact HS subheading, (b) the country of origin, (c) any FTA preference at the time of import, and (d) the Customs Value calculated under section 161 of the Customs Act 1901. Confirm with the importer of record or a licensed customs broker before procurement contracts are signed.
7. Calls to action
Submit an RFQ via the Tradvolt RFQ form (canonical site path; supply the use-case slug factory-solar-5mwp-au-r9 in the form's use-case field).
Cross-reference reading: EU PVGIS for AU-adjusted year-1 yield, and DESNZ solar PV cost data as a C&I capex benchmark.