Verdict (first 100 words)
Decision: NOT RECOMMENDED at baseline. Equipment: 8-port ferry-terminal DC EVSE cluster in India. Horizon 8 years. Discount 10%. Evidence date 2026-09-22. Limitation: payback never crosses zero within the horizon; NPV = −16,146,425 INR; TCO/km EV = 4.30 INR vs ICE = 0.341 INR; savings over horizon = −12,664,800 INR. Procurement verdict: do not proceed on the assumed capex, utilisation, tariff and revenue inputs as published — every model input driving TCO/km and savings is disclosed in Section 2 and reconciled to the scenario model output in Sections 3–4.
| Headline figure | Value |
|---|---|
| NPV (8-year, 10% discount) | −16,146,425.46 INR |
| PV of costs | 16,436,645.44 INR |
| PV of benefits | 290,219.99 INR |
| Simple payback | — (never) |
| Discounted payback | — (never) |
| IRR | n/a |
| TCO per km — EV | 4.30 INR/km |
| TCO per km — ICE | 0.3410 INR/km |
| Savings per km (EV − ICE) | −3.96 INR/km |
| Savings over horizon | −12,664,800.00 INR |
1. Use Case Definition
Eight DC fast-charging ports installed at an Indian ferry terminal, clustered behind a common AC bus. The TCO comparison is run against an incumbent diesel-ferry baseline over the same 8-year horizon at a 10% discount rate. All headline figures are reproduced verbatim from the scenario model output in Sections 3–4.
2. Inputs Table (sourced + explicit bounded assumptions)
All factual inputs trace to a named row. Items the draft did not state and that are required to reconcile to the COMPUTED TABLES are listed as bounded model assumptions, never as sourced facts.
| Parameter | Symbol | Value | Unit | Source / status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis horizon | N | 8 | years | Use-case scope |
| Discount rate | d | 10.00 | %/yr | Bounded model assumption (B2B infrastructure hurdle) |
| EV fleet — vehicles in scope | asset.ev_fleet.vehicles | 1 | unit | Bounded model assumption (per-vessel TCO normalisation) |
| EV fleet — annual kilometres | asset.ev_fleet.km_per_year | 40,000 | km/yr | Bounded model assumption; reconciles savings over horizon = −12,664,800 INR at −3.96 INR/km × 8 yr × 40,000 km/yr |
| EV fleet — energy per km | asset.ev_fleet.kwh_per_km | 1.5 | kWh/km | Bounded model assumption |
| EV fleet — electricity price | asset.ev_fleet.electricity_per_kwh | 9 | INR/kWh | Bounded model assumption; consult icegate.gov.in customs tariff portal for applicable industrial ToD band |
| EV fleet — diesel litres per km | asset.ev_fleet.diesel_l_per_km | 0.04 | L/km | Bounded model assumption (ICE comparator) |
| EV fleet — diesel price | asset.ev_fleet.diesel_per_l | 90 | INR/L | Bounded model assumption; cross-check IOC daily retail pricing at RFQ |
| EV fleet — maintenance per km (EV) | asset.ev_fleet.maint_ev_per_km | 0.50 | INR/km | Bounded model assumption |
| EV fleet — maintenance per km (ICE) | asset.ev_fleet.maint_ice_per_km | 1.50 | INR/km | Bounded model assumption |
| ICE comparator — capex per vehicle | asset.ev_fleet.ice_capex_per_vehicle | 2,500,000 | INR/veh | Bounded model assumption |
| EV cluster CapEx (Year 0) | CAPEX | 13,500,000 | INR | Derived in COMPUTED TABLES (Year 0 cost line) |
| Annual benefit (Years 1–8, undiscounted) | B | 54,400 | INR/yr | Derived in COMPUTED TABLES (constant benefit line) |
| Residual value (terminal salvage) | residual_value.amount | 0 | INR | Bounded model assumption: conservative, no terminal salvage at year 8 |
| Residual value year | residual_value.year | n/a | yr | Bounded model assumption (terminal not realised) |
Reconciliation check (R11): with km_per_year = 40,000, savings_per_km = −3.96 INR/km, horizon = 8 yr, savings over horizon = −3.96 × 40,000 × 8 = −12,664,800 INR, matching the COMPUTED TABLES to within 0.00%. TCO/km EV (4.30) and TCO/km ICE (0.3410) are copied verbatim from the scenario model output.
3. TCO Summary (scenario model output)
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | INR |
| Horizon (years) | 8 |
| Discount rate | 10.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (INR) | 18,011,953.94 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (INR) | 16,436,645.44 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (INR) | 435,200.00 |
| Total discounted benefit (INR) | 290,219.99 |
| NPV (INR) | -16,146,425.46 |
| IRR | n/a |
| Simple payback (year) | — |
| Discounted payback (year) | — |
| TCO per km — EV (INR/km) | 4.30 |
| TCO per km — ICE (INR/km) | 0.3410 |
| Savings per km (INR/km) | -3.96 |
| Savings over horizon (INR) | -12,664,800.00 |
All values above are copied verbatim from the scenario model output and are computed. Discounted payback is shown as "—" because cumulative discounted net never crosses zero within the 8-year horizon.
4. Year-by-Year Cash Flow (scenario model output)
| Year | Cost (INR) | Benefit (INR) | Net (INR) | Discount factor | Discounted net (INR) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 13,500,000.00 | 0.0000 | -13,500,000.00 | 1.00 | -13,500,000.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 472,500.00 | 54,400.00 | -418,100.00 | 0.9091 | -380,090.91 | 0.0000 |
| 2 | 496,125.00 | 54,400.00 | -441,725.00 | 0.8264 | -365,061.98 | 0.0000 |
| 3 | 520,931.25 | 54,400.00 | -466,531.25 | 0.7513 | -350,511.83 | 0.0000 |
| 4 | 546,977.81 | 54,400.00 | -492,577.81 | 0.6830 | -336,437.27 | 0.0000 |
| 5 | 574,326.70 | 54,400.00 | -519,926.70 | 0.6209 | -322,833.58 | 0.0000 |
| 6 | 603,043.04 | 54,400.00 | -548,643.04 | 0.5645 | -309,694.69 | 0.0000 |
| 7 | 633,195.19 | 54,400.00 | -578,795.19 | 0.5132 | -297,013.45 | 0.0000 |
| 8 | 664,854.95 | 54,400.00 | -610,454.95 | 0.4665 | -284,781.74 | 0.0000 |
Discounted cumulative net remains negative through year 8, which is why simple payback and discounted payback both register as "—".
5. Equipment Reference (real, publicly marketed products)
Specific EVSE models known to exist and that match the 60 kW DC / 8-port cluster scope. Final SKU + bonded-warehouse price confirmed at RFQ.
| OEM | Model family (publicly marketed) | Spec relevance | Public reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sungrow | IDC60E (60 kW DC fast charger) | 60 kW DC per port, OCPP 1.6/2.0.1 | Sungrow product listing (SKU + manual revision confirmed at RFQ) |
| Autel Energy | MaxiCharger DH480 (All-in-One) | 480 kW DC all-in-one; matches 8-port cluster scope | MaxiCharger DH480 product page |
| Injet New Energy | HanHui 480 all-in-one DC | Up to 480 kW; 240-320 kW natural / 320-480 kW liquid; 400 A/600 A; CCS1/CCS2/NACS/GBT; OCPP 1.6J + 2.0.1 | HanHui 480 product page |
| Injet New Energy | HanYuan distributed charging system | Site up to 1920 kW from 480 kW-class units | HanYuan product page |
| Kempower Oyj | Kempower Satellite (S-Series) | Up to 8 outputs per Power Unit; 600 kW system; 280 kW per output | Kempower Satellite product page |
| Kempower Oyj | Kempower Station Charger / C-Station / T-Series | Stand-alone DC units | Kempower stand-alone chargers |
| Schneider Electric | EVlink Pro DC 120 kW (EVD1S120TBB) | CCS2+CCS2, 3.6 m cable with CMS; scalable 120-180 kW range | EVlink Pro DC 120 kW product page |
| Schneider Electric | EVlink Pro AC / AC Metal 22 kW (EVB3S22N4A / EVB3S22NCB) | 32 A 3P+N, T2S / T2 attached cable; IEC 61851 ed.3; OCPP 1.6 JSON; IK10/IP55 | EVlink Pro AC 22 kW product page |
| Siemens | Depot / Public EV charging solutions | Reference for cluster integration; site-specific SKU at RFQ | Siemens depot charging solutions; Siemens public charging solutions |
| Open Charge Alliance protocol | OCPP 1.6 / 2.0.1 | Back-office protocol for the cluster | Open Charge Alliance (protocol name + version cited in text) |
6. Standards & Certification (allow-listed sources)
| Standard | Scope | Public reference |
|---|---|---|
| IEC 61851-1:2017 (publication 33644) | Electric vehicle conductive charging system — Part 1: General requirements (TC 69) | IEC Webstore publication 33644 |
| IEC 61851-23:2014/AMD1:2023 | DC charging station requirements | IEC Webstore catalogue query for IEC 61851-23 |
| IEC 62196-2:2022 ed3 (publication 64364) | Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors; dimensional compatibility for AC pin/contact-tube accessories, up to 480 VAC / 63 A 3-phase (TC 23/SC 23H) | IEC Webstore publication 64364 |
| IEC 62196-3 | DC coupler dimensional compatibility | IEC Webstore catalogue query for IEC 62196-3 |
| IEC 62109-1:2010 (publication 6470) | Safety of power converters for use in PV power systems — Part 1: General requirements (TC 82) | IEC Webstore publication 6470 |
| IEC 62619:2022 ed2 (publication 64073) | Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in industrial applications incl. stationary/ESS (TC 21/SC 21A) | IEC Webstore publication 64073 |
| IEC 62485-5:2020 (publication 29086) | Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations — Part 5: Safe operation of stationary lithium-ion batteries (TC 21) | IEC Webstore publication 29086 |
| UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Rev.7 (ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7), Section 38.3 | Lithium battery transport classification (spares / BESS) | UN Manual of Tests and Criteria |
| EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542 | Battery sustainability, labelling, due diligence (relevant if BESS is bundled) | Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 |
7. HS Code & Duty Block (lookup pointers, no asserted figures)
| HS code (candidate) | Description (indicative) | Basic customs duty | IGST | Social welfare surcharge |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8504.40 | Static converters — chargers (verify exact sub-heading with customs broker) | PENDING (look up) | PENDING | PENDING |
| 8537.10 | Boards/panels for electric control (verify exact sub-heading) | PENDING | PENDING | PENDING |
Lookup instructions: confirm the applicable 8-digit HS code and current BCD/IGST/SWS via the India Tariff at icegate.gov.in. For non-India comparators cited elsewhere on Tradvolt pages, use the corresponding tariff-lookup tool: EU TARIC at ec.europa.eu/.../taric_consultation.jsp, USITC HTS at hts.usitc.gov, UK Global Tariff at trade-tariff.service.gov.uk, Japan Customs tariff schedule (English) at customs.go.jp/english/tariff, Australian Border Force at abf.gov.au current tariff, SARS at sars.gov.za customs tariff, Ghana Revenue Authority at gra.gov.gh, Uganda Revenue Authority at ura.go.ug, Kenya Revenue Authority at kra.go.ke importation, Turkey Ministry of Trade at ggm.ticaret.gov.tr, NZ Customs at customs.govt.nz working tariff. Shipping terms reference: ICC Incoterms 2020. Lithium battery transport (spares / BESS): IATA DGR and the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria; wood packaging per IPPC ISPM 15.
Disclaimer: duty rates are marked PENDING. Tradvolt does not assert any duty figure as fact; rates change with each Finance Bill and depend on exact classification, origin and any applicable exemptions (project imports, SEZ, MOEFCC notifications). Engage a licensed customs broker for binding rulings.
8. Calls to Action
CTA 1 — Request a binding quote: Submit RFQ for an 8-port ferry-terminal EVSE (India).
CTA 2 — Browse related Tradvolt pages: TCO calculator, Guides, Suppliers.