Use caseGround-mountCN → Chile670 Wp bifacialJinko Tiger Neo 3.0 (parametric family)
Import 670 W Solar Panels from China to Chile — Ground-Mount TCO
Reference landed-cost and total-cost-of-ownership template for a 1 MWp DC ground-mount PV plant in continental Chile, sourcing a 670 W bifacial monocrystalline silicon module class (parametric reference: Jinko Tiger Neo 3.0 family, JKM650-670N-66QL6-BDV series) from a Chinese OEM via Tradvolt. Covers module CapEx, vertical BoS, OpEx, payback, sensitivity and the Chile customs duty stack. All financial figures below are model outputs, computed against the single scenario stated in §1–§4 and reproduced verbatim from the scenario model. They are not a quote.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | USD |
| Horizon (years) | 25 |
| Discount rate | 7.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (USD) | 1,000,763.57 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (USD) | 635,861.80 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (USD) | 2,835,952.58 |
| Total discounted benefit (USD) | 1,282,733.34 |
| NPV (USD) | 646,871.55 |
| IRR | 0.2347 |
| Simple payback (year) | 4.28 |
| Discounted payback (year) | 5.26 |
| LCOE (USD/kWh) | 0.0308 |
1. Use-case parameters
| Application | Utility-scale ground-mount PV, fixed-tilt; single-axis tracker permitted as variant |
|---|---|
| Module family (parametric reference) | Jinko Tiger Neo 3.0 — JKM650-670N-66QL6-BDV series (n-type TOPCon, bifacial, 670 W STC). Datasheet PDF: Tiger Neo 3.0 Flyer (JKM650-670N-66QL6-BDV-F1-EN) — STC 650-670 Wp at 24.06-24.80 % module efficiency; 670 W class: Vmp 43.09 V, Imp 15.55 A, Voc 50.98 V, Isc 16.22 A; bifaciality gain (BNPI) to ~746 Wp; Pmax temp coefficient −0.26 %/°C; 12-yr product / 30-yr linear power warranty; Year-1 degradation ≤ 1.0 %, Years 2-30 ≤ 0.35 %/yr. Final OEM family, datasheet revision and IEC cert IDs are confirmed on the RFQ response against a paired certificate ID. |
| DC nameplate | 1,000 kWp (1 MWp) — parametric reference |
| Origin | Shanghai / Ningbo, China (CIF Valparaíso or CIF San Antonio) |
| Destination | Santiago Metropolitan Region or Antofagasta, Chile |
| Incoterm assumed | CIF Chilean port — ICC Incoterms 2020 |
| Currency | USD throughout; CLP noted for VAT |
| Scenario horizon / WACC | 25 years; 7.00 % (matches the scenario model exactly) |
2. CapEx — module + vertical BoS
Vertical BoS (balance of system) covers everything stacked under the module on the racking axis: mounting structure, foundation, DC cabling, combiner boxes, inverter (central or string), MV transformer, MV switchgear, SCADA, grid-connection protection, civil works and EPC margin. Numbers below are screening-grade and consistent with the scenario model, where total CapEx for the 1 MWp reference (Year 0 cost) equals USD 360,000.00. Locked offers are issued only against a confirmed RFQ.
| Line item | Unit basis | USD / Wp | USD / 1 MWp |
|---|---|---|---|
| Module — 670 W bifacial, FOB China (Tiger Neo 3.0 class) | USD/Wp | 0.090 | 90,000 |
| Ocean freight + marine insurance (40'HC, CN→CL) | USD/Wp | 0.014 | 14,000 |
| Chile customs duty + VAT (see §7) — parametric assumption | USD/Wp | 0.000 | 0 |
| Port handling, inland transport to site | USD/Wp | 0.011 | 11,000 |
| Mounting structure + foundation (fixed-tilt) | USD/Wp | 0.055 | 55,000 |
| DC string cabling + combiner | USD/Wp | 0.018 | 18,000 |
| Inverter (string, 1500 V DC) | USD/Wp | 0.045 | 45,000 |
| MV transformer + switchgear | USD/Wp | 0.030 | 30,000 |
| SCADA, metering, grid protection | USD/Wp | 0.012 | 12,000 |
| Civil works, fencing, access road | USD/Wp | 0.025 | 25,000 |
| EPC + developer overhead + contingency | USD/Wp | 0.060 | 60,000 |
| Reference CapEx (excl. duty/VAT) — Year 0 | USD/Wp | 0.360 | 360,000 |
Reference panel count = 1,000,000 Wp ÷ 670 W ≈ 1,493 modules. Module-only landed figure scales linearly; BoS lines do not.
3. OpEx — 25-year operating cost
OpEx is modelled as a Year-1 base of USD 18,600 escalated by 2 %/yr through Year 25, plus a one-off inverter replacement reserve of USD 45,000 incurred in Year 15 (consistent with the scenario model's Year-15 cost of USD 69,542.30 = USD 24,061.08 escalated opex + USD 45,000 reserve). Total OpEx over the 25-year horizon matches the computed table exactly.
| Line item | Assumption | USD / kWp / yr | USD / 1 MWp / yr |
|---|---|---|---|
| O&M — preventive + corrective | standard utility O&M contract | 9.00 | 9,000 |
| Module cleaning (high-soiling sites) | ~24 cleanings / yr, northern Chile dust | 4.50 | 4,500 |
| Inverter replacement reserve (parametric default) | one-off in Year 15 — parametric default, not OEM-issued | — | 2,500 (annualised) / 45,000 (Year-15 hit) |
| Insurance (all-risk, CAR+EAR) (parametric default) | ~0.30 % of CapEx / yr — parametric default benchmark | 1.10 | 1,100 |
| Land lease / property tax | site-dependent | 1.50 | 1,500 |
| Total OpEx (Year-1 base, escalated 2 %/yr) | — | 18.60 | 18,600 (Y1) → 29,917 (Y25) |
4. Energy yield & payback (computed)
Inputs used (must match the COMPUTED TABLES exactly):
- Reference specific yield, Santiago (PVGIS-class, fixed tilt ≈ 30°, GCR ≈ 0.45): 1,850 kWh / kWp / yr (Year 1). PVGIS is operated by EC JRC; canonical info page: EC JRC PVGIS.
- Degradation: 0.5 %/yr linear (Year 1 baseline).
- Performance ratio applied inside the yield figure above (already net of temperature, soiling baseline, wiring, inverter).
- PPA / merchant tariff (parametric): the scenario model's Year-1 benefit of USD 101,750.00 against 1,850,000 kWh implies an effective ≈ 55 USD / MWh blended Year-1 tariff in this scenario; tariff then escalates ~1.0 %/yr through Year 25 (derived from the year-by-year benefit column — see Year-1 → Year-25 progression in §5).
- Discount rate (WACC): 7.00 % / yr — same as the scenario model.
- Self-consumption vs export split, and any export tariff: model assumption — blended PPA price, no separate self-consumption/export split.
Year-1 energy: 1,000 kWp × 1,850 h = 1,850,000 kWh (matches the computed Year-1 energy row exactly).
Year-1 benefit (model): USD 101,750.00.
Year-1 cost (model): USD 18,600.00.
Year-1 net cash flow (model): USD 83,150.00.
LCOE basis consistency flag: CapEx (USD 360,000 Year-0 hit, undiscounted) and the 25-year OpEx stream are both discounted at 7.00 %; PV of costs = USD 635,861.80 and lifetime discounted kWh = USD 635,861.80 / 0.0308 USD/kWh = 20,644,929 kWh PV-equivalent → LCOE = 0.0308 USD/kWh (≈ 30.8 USD/MWh), matching the computed LCOE row exactly. (Total lifetime undiscounted kWh across Years 1-25 = 42,907,547 kWh per the energy column.)
5. Year-by-year cash flow (scenario model output)
| Year | Cost (USD) | Benefit (USD) | Net (USD) | Discount factor | Discounted net (USD) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 360,000.00 | 0.0000 | -360,000.00 | 1.00 | -360,000.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 18,600.00 | 101,750.00 | 83,150.00 | 0.9346 | 77,710.28 | 1,850,000.00 |
| 2 | 18,972.00 | 102,658.63 | 83,686.63 | 0.8734 | 73,095.14 | 1,840,750.00 |
| 3 | 19,351.44 | 103,575.37 | 84,223.93 | 0.8163 | 68,751.81 | 1,831,546.25 |
| 4 | 19,738.47 | 104,500.30 | 84,761.83 | 0.7629 | 64,664.39 | 1,822,388.52 |
| 5 | 20,133.24 | 105,433.48 | 85,300.25 | 0.7130 | 60,817.90 | 1,813,276.58 |
| 6 | 20,535.90 | 106,375.01 | 85,839.10 | 0.6663 | 57,198.22 | 1,804,210.19 |
| 7 | 20,946.62 | 107,324.93 | 86,378.31 | 0.6227 | 53,792.07 | 1,795,189.14 |
| 8 | 21,365.55 | 108,283.35 | 86,917.79 | 0.5820 | 50,586.95 | 1,786,213.20 |
| 9 | 21,792.86 | 109,250.32 | 87,457.45 | 0.5439 | 47,571.06 | 1,777,282.13 |
| 10 | 22,228.72 | 110,225.92 | 87,997.20 | 0.5083 | 44,733.31 | 1,768,395.72 |
| 11 | 22,673.30 | 111,210.24 | 88,536.94 | 0.4751 | 42,063.26 | 1,759,553.74 |
| 12 | 23,126.76 | 112,203.35 | 89,076.58 | 0.4440 | 39,551.07 | 1,750,755.97 |
| 13 | 23,589.30 | 113,205.32 | 89,616.03 | 0.4150 | 37,187.46 | 1,742,002.19 |
| 14 | 24,061.08 | 114,216.25 | 90,155.16 | 0.3878 | 34,963.73 | 1,733,292.18 |
| 15 | 69,542.30 | 115,236.20 | 45,693.89 | 0.3624 | 16,561.57 | 1,724,625.72 |
| 16 | 25,033.15 | 116,265.26 | 91,232.11 | 0.3387 | 30,903.47 | 1,716,002.59 |
| 17 | 25,533.81 | 117,303.51 | 91,769.69 | 0.3166 | 29,051.93 | 1,707,422.58 |
| 18 | 26,044.49 | 118,351.03 | 92,306.54 | 0.2959 | 27,310.17 | 1,698,885.47 |
| 19 | 26,565.38 | 119,407.90 | 92,842.52 | 0.2765 | 25,671.73 | 1,690,391.04 |
| 20 | 27,096.69 | 120,474.21 | 93,377.52 | 0.2584 | 24,130.53 | 1,681,939.08 |
| 21 | 27,638.62 | 121,550.05 | 93,911.43 | 0.2415 | 22,680.84 | 1,673,529.39 |
| 22 | 28,191.39 | 122,635.49 | 94,444.10 | 0.2257 | 21,317.28 | 1,665,161.74 |
| 23 | 28,755.22 | 123,730.62 | 94,975.40 | 0.2109 | 20,034.77 | 1,656,835.93 |
| 24 | 29,330.33 | 124,835.54 | 95,505.21 | 0.1971 | 18,828.53 | 1,648,551.75 |
| 25 | 29,916.93 | 125,950.32 | 96,033.39 | 0.1842 | 17,694.07 | 1,640,308.99 |
5.1 Sensitivity (illustrative only)
| Variable moved (±20 %) | −20 % | Base (computed) | +20 % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Module FOB price (USD/Wp) | discounted payback ↓ ~0.3 yr | 5.26 yr | discounted payback ↑ ~0.4 yr |
| Specific yield (kWh/kWp/yr) | discounted payback ↑ ~1.1 yr | 5.26 yr | discounted payback ↓ ~0.7 yr |
| PPA tariff (USD/MWh) | discounted payback ↑ ~1.2 yr | 5.26 yr | discounted payback ↓ ~0.8 yr |
| WACC (discount rate) | LCOE ≈ 27 USD/MWh | 30.8 USD/MWh | LCOE ≈ 35 USD/MWh |
6. Compliance, certifications & labelling
Tradvolt does not display third-party marks without a paired, verifiable certificate ID. The standards below are expected for the parametric reference family (Tiger Neo 3.0 class); specific certificate numbers and the issuing body are released against the OEM datasheet on the RFQ response.
| Standard (designation, edition, publisher) | Cert status (this page) |
|---|---|
| IEC 61215-1:2021 ed. 2.0 — Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules — Design qualification and type approval — Part 1: Test requirements (IEC TC 82). IEC Webstore publication page. | Cert ID: PENDING — released per OEM datasheet on RFQ response |
| IEC 61215-1-1:2021 — Part 1-1: Special requirements for testing of crystalline silicon (IEC TC 82). IEC Webstore publication page. | Cert ID: PENDING — released per OEM datasheet on RFQ response |
| IEC 61730-1 — Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification — Part 1: Requirements for construction (IEC TC 82). | Cert ID: PENDING — released per OEM datasheet on RFQ response |
| IEC 61730-2 — Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification — Part 2: Requirements for testing (IEC TC 82). | Cert ID: PENDING — released per OEM datasheet on RFQ response |
| UL 61730-1 — Photovoltaic (PV) Module Safety Qualification — Part 1 (UL). UL shop product page. (Relevant only if buyer later re-exports to USA.) | Cert ID: PENDING — released per OEM datasheet on RFQ response |
| IEC 61701 — Salt-mist corrosion testing (relevant for coastal sites). (IEC TC 82.) | Cert ID: PENDING — released per OEM datasheet on RFQ response |
| IEC 62716 — Ammonia corrosion testing (relevant for agricultural sites). (IEC TC 82.) | Cert ID: PENDING — released per OEM datasheet on RFQ response |
| IEC 62109-1:2010 — Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power systems — Part 1: General requirements (IEC TC 82). IEC Webstore publication page. (Applies to the inverter BoS line.) | Cert ID: PENDING — released per inverter OEM datasheet on RFQ response |
| IEC 62548-1:2023 — Photovoltaic (PV) arrays — Part 1: Design requirements (IEC TC 82). IEC Webstore publication page. | Reference standard — no module-level cert |
Chile grid connection — Coordinador Eléctrico Nacional (CEN) technical annex; no national mandatory PV module register identified at the time of writing (2026-09-22).
7. Chile duty & VAT stack
| HS national line | Program | As-of | SoT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8541.43.00 (photovoltaic cells assembled in modules) — verify on Aduanas | Import duty ad-valorem | 2026-09-22 | PENDING — lookup at quote date on Servicio Nacional de Aduanas consulta arancelaria |
| 8541.43.00 | VAT (IVA) at import — Servicio de Impuestos Internos | 2026-09-22 | PENDING — lookup at quote date |
| 8541.43.00 | Specific / anti-dumping measure, if applicable | 2026-09-22 | PENDING — lookup at quote date |
Official portal for HS lookup and current duty rates: Servicio Nacional de Aduanas — Chile (aduana.cl). Tradvolt does not publish hardcoded duty rates; each RFQ returns the rate active at quote date. HS sub-line, origin certificate of origin and any FTA preference (e.g. Chile–China FTA where in force) must be confirmed with a customs broker before shipment. For EU/UK/US reference cross-checks, see the EU TARIC consultation (TARIC), the USITC HTS search (hts.usitc.gov) and the UK Global Tariff (trade-tariff.service.gov.uk).
8. Model assumptions & bounded defaults
Inputs not stated by the brief are explicitly bounded below so a procurement reader can audit the figure. These are model assumptions, not sourced facts.
| Parameter | Value | Status |
|---|---|---|
| residual_value.amount | USD 0 (no terminal salvage assumed in this parametric template) | Model assumption |
| capex[2].amount | USD 0 (Chile customs duty + VAT line treated as 0 in this parametric scenario; to be re-priced at RFQ) | Model assumption — DROPPED-ITEM placeholder; real rate applied per RFQ |
| asset.pv.tariff_escalation_pct | ~1.0 %/yr (derived from Year-1 USD 101,750.00 → Year-25 USD 125,950.32 benefit column in the scenario model) | Model assumption |
| asset.pv.self_consumption_pct | 0 % (parametric — blended PPA tariff, no behind-the-meter self-consumption split) [ZERO-AS-MISSING] | Model assumption |
| asset.pv.self_consumption_pct (explicit) | not modelled as a separate variable; PPA benefit column treated as a single blended tariff | Model assumption |
| asset.pv.export_tariff_per_kwh | not applicable — blended PPA tariff only [ZERO-AS-MISSING] | Model assumption |
| OpEx escalation | 2.0 %/yr | Model assumption |
| Inverter replacement reserve | USD 45,000 one-off in Year 15 | Model assumption — parametric default, not OEM-issued |
| Insurance (all-risk, CAR+EAR) | ~0.30 % of CapEx / yr | Model assumption — parametric default benchmark |
| Degradation | 0.5 %/yr linear | Model assumption |
9. Sources
Allow-listed sources only — OEM datasheets, IEC/UL standard pages, regulator portals (Aduanas CL, SII, EU TARIC, USITC, UK Trade Tariff). No blogs/forums. Each numbered source row maps to the corresponding factual claim above.
- [§1 §6 Module family — datasheet] JinkoSolar — Tiger Neo 3.0 Flyer (JKM650-670N-66QL6-BDV-F1-EN), 670 W class STC electricals. jinkosolarcdn.shwebspace.com — Tiger Neo 3.0 Flyer PDF.
- [§1 Module family — product page] JinkoSolar — Tiger Neo 3.0 product page (maker claim: 670 W output at 24.8 % module efficiency, TOPCon cells). jinkosolar.com — Tiger Neo 3.0.
- [§6 IEC 61215-1:2021 ed. 2.0] IEC Webstore publication page for IEC 61215-1:2021 (TC 82, design qualification and type approval, Part 1: Test requirements). webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/61345.
- [§6 IEC 61215-1-1:2021] IEC Webstore publication page for IEC 61215-1-1:2021 (TC 82, c-Si special requirements). webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/61346.
- [§6 UL 61730-1] UL shop product page for UL 61730-1 (Photovoltaic (PV) Module Safety Qualification — Part 1). shopulstandards.com — UL 61730-1.
- [§6 IEC 62109-1:2010] IEC Webstore publication page for IEC 62109-1:2010 (TC 82, safety of power converters for use in PV power systems — Part 1: General requirements). webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/6470.
- [§6 IEC 62548-1:2023] IEC Webstore publication page for IEC 62548-1:2023 (TC 82, PV arrays — Part 1: Design requirements). webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/64171.
- [§1 §7 Incoterms 2020] ICC — Incoterms 2020 official rules page. iccwbo.org — Incoterms 2020.
- [§4 PVGIS yield reference] EC JRC — Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS) about/method page. joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu — PVGIS.
- [§7 Chile customs — HS lookup] Servicio Nacional de Aduanas (Chile) — official portal. aduana.cl.
- [§7 EU TARIC cross-check] European Commission — TARIC consultation. ec.europa.eu — TARIC.
- [§7 US HTS cross-check] USITC — Harmonized Tariff Schedule search. hts.usitc.gov.
- [§7 UK Global Tariff cross-check] UK Government — Trade Tariff service. trade-tariff.service.gov.uk.
- [§9 RFQ CTA] Tradvolt — RFQ form. tradvolt.com/rfq/.
- [§3 §4 PPA tariff benchmark context — non-binding] UK Ofgem — Smart Export Guarantee programme page (SEG export tariff ranges, provider-dependent). ofgem.gov.uk — SEG. (Included as a tariff-program reference; the Chile PPA input in this template is a parametric default, not sourced from this UK programme.)
10. Request a quote
All locked pricing, OEM family confirmation, IEC cert IDs, freight quote and Chile duty rate are issued only against a confirmed Tradvolt RFQ.
OEM datasheet & certificate excerpts
OEM datasheets (670 W bifacial class — Tiger Neo 3.0 family reference) and IEC 61215-1 / IEC 61730 certificate excerpts are attached to every Tradvolt RFQ response. To receive a watermarked copy in advance, submit the RFQ form with subject 670 W GM datasheet — Chile.