Verdict (base case, evidence date 2026-01-15, 25-year horizon, EUR): NPV = EUR 446,059; LCOE = 0.0587 EUR/kWh; discounted payback = 4.43 years; simple payback = 3.80 years; IRR = 27.64%. Limit: numbers are scenario-illustrative and depend on the explicit bounded inputs below; replace with EPC quote, OEM datasheets, and local-DSO feed-in policy before binding procurement.
| Metric | Value | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Equipment / location | 250 kWp DC rooftop PV, sea-coast sports club (<500 m shoreline, ISO 9223 C5/CX) | Boundary assumption: PV + string inverters + AC tie + monitoring; no battery, no EV |
| Horizon | 25 years | Use-case convention |
| Discount rate | 6.00 % | Use-case convention |
| Currency | EUR | — |
| NPV | 446,059 EUR | Positive — economic case clears hurdle rate |
| IRR | 27.64 % | Well above discount rate |
| Simple payback | 3.80 years | Nominal |
| Discounted payback | 4.43 years | PV-weighted |
| LCOE | 0.0587 EUR/kWh | Below the 0.22 EUR/kWh imported grid tariff blend |
| Evidence date | 2026-01-15 | Spot indices are weekly — re-validate at RFQ |
| Limitation | Self-consumption 50%, FiT 0.06 EUR/kWh, O&M 2.0%/yr, insurance 0.4%/yr are bounded model assumptions | Replace with project-specific values before binding procurement |
Use case: 250 kWp rooftop PV installation at a sea-coast sports club (tennis/padel/fitness, single building). Salt-air corrosion drives higher BoS and O&M assumptions. Page revision r9 — financial figures are taken verbatim from the scenario model; inputs are stated explicitly as cited figures or bounded assumptions.
| Input | Value | Unit | Source / Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| System size | 250 | kWp DC | Use-case definition (this page) |
| Specific yield (sea-coast, low-pitch metal roof) | 1,150 | kWh/kWp·yr | IRENA, "Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2023" — irena.org/Publications/2024/Sep/Renewable-power-generation-costs-in-2023; PVGIS EC JRC PVGIS |
| Module cost (Tier-1 mono, sea-coat ready) | 0.22 | EUR/Wp | PVTEC pvXchange weekly price index — pv-tech.org/weekly-pv-pricing |
| String inverter (2 × 125 kW) | 0.06 | EUR/Wp | PVTEC pvXchange weekly price index — pv-tech.org/weekly-pv-pricing; Sungrow string-inverter range datasheet confirmed at RFQ |
| Racking + salt-air aluminium + clamps | 0.09 | EUR/Wp | K2 Systems D-Dome sea-coast catalogue — k2-systems.com (rail/kit model + manual revision confirmed at RFQ) |
| DC + AC BoS (cabling, combiner, AC panel) | 0.07 | EUR/Wp | IEA PVPS, "Trends in PV Applications 2024", Annex B BoS benchmark — iea-pvps.org/snapshot-reports/trends-in-pv-applications-2024 |
| Installation labour (sea-coast, height > 8 m) | 0.10 | EUR/Wp | SolarPower Europe, "O&M Best Practice Guidelines 2023", sea-coast adder — solarpowereurope.org/operations-and-maintenance-best-practice-guidelines |
| Grid-tie + commissioning + metering | 0.04 | EUR/Wp | IEA PVPS, "Trends in PV Applications 2024", Annex B BoS benchmark — iea-pvps.org/snapshot-reports/trends-in-pv-applications-2024 |
| Annual O&M (sea-coast, module cleaning 4×/yr) | 2.0% | of capex/yr | Model assumption (bounded) — reconciles to engine PV of costs |
| Insurance | 0.4% | of capex/yr | Model assumption (bounded) — engineering convention for EU C&I rooftop PV; replace with broker quote before binding procurement |
| Inverter replacement at year 12 | 0.06 | EUR/Wp (nominal) | PVTEC pvXchange weekly price index — pv-tech.org/weekly-pv-pricing |
| Degradation (linear) | 0.5% | per year | IEA PVPS, "Trends in PV Applications 2024", Tier-1 manufacturer warranties — iea-pvps.org/snapshot-reports/trends-in-pv-applications-2024 |
| Self-consumption share of generation | 50% | fraction | Use-case boundary assumption (this page) |
| Imported grid tariff (blended) | 0.22 | EUR/kWh | Eurostat electricity price statistics — ec.europa.eu/eurostat electricity price statistics |
| Export / feed-in tariff | 0.06 | EUR/kWh | Model assumption (bounded) — verify with local DSO |
| Tariff escalation | 3.0% | per year | Eurostat 2014–2024 CAGR for non-household band — ec.europa.eu/eurostat databrowser |
| Discount rate | 6.0% | per year | Use-case convention (this page) |
| Analysis horizon | 25 | years | Use-case convention (this page) |
| Residual value | 0 | EUR | Model assumption (bounded default) — no salvage modelled; conservative |
| Residual year | 25 | year index | Model assumption (bounded default) — aligned to horizon |
The 250 kWp stack at this site would typically be assembled from the following OEM model families. Final BoM is RFQ-pending; do not infer a specific supplier choice from this list.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | EUR |
| Horizon (years) | 25 |
| Discount rate | 6.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (EUR) | 271,465.44 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (EUR) | 206,198.01 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (EUR) | 1,372,182.06 |
| Total discounted benefit (EUR) | 652,257.44 |
| NPV (EUR) | 446,059.43 |
| IRR | 0.2764 |
| Simple payback (year) | 3.80 |
| Discounted payback (year) | 4.43 |
| LCOE (EUR/kWh) | 0.0587 |
| Year | Cost (EUR) | Benefit (EUR) | Net (EUR) | Discount factor | Discounted net (EUR) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 145,000.00 | 0.0000 | -145,000.00 | 1.00 | -145,000.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 3,480.00 | 40,250.00 | 36,770.00 | 0.9434 | 34,688.68 | 287,500.00 |
| 2 | 3,549.60 | 41,250.21 | 37,700.61 | 0.8900 | 33,553.41 | 286,062.50 |
| 3 | 3,620.59 | 42,275.28 | 38,654.69 | 0.8396 | 32,455.22 | 284,632.19 |
| 4 | 3,693.00 | 43,325.82 | 39,632.82 | 0.7921 | 31,392.90 | 283,209.03 |
| 5 | 3,766.86 | 44,402.47 | 40,635.60 | 0.7473 | 30,365.29 | 281,792.98 |
| 6 | 3,842.20 | 45,505.87 | 41,663.67 | 0.7050 | 29,371.24 | 280,384.02 |
| 7 | 3,919.05 | 46,636.69 | 42,717.64 | 0.6651 | 28,409.67 | 278,982.10 |
| 8 | 3,997.43 | 47,795.61 | 43,798.19 | 0.6274 | 27,479.52 | 277,587.19 |
| 9 | 4,077.37 | 48,983.33 | 44,905.96 | 0.5919 | 26,579.77 | 276,199.25 |
| 10 | 4,158.92 | 50,200.57 | 46,041.65 | 0.5584 | 25,709.41 | 274,818.25 |
| 11 | 4,242.10 | 51,448.05 | 47,205.95 | 0.5268 | 24,867.51 | 273,444.16 |
| 12 | 19,326.94 | 52,726.54 | 33,399.59 | 0.4970 | 16,598.57 | 272,076.94 |
| 13 | 4,413.48 | 54,036.79 | 49,623.31 | 0.4688 | 23,265.34 | 270,716.56 |
| 14 | 4,501.75 | 55,379.61 | 50,877.85 | 0.4423 | 22,503.32 | 269,362.97 |
| 15 | 4,591.79 | 56,755.79 | 52,164.00 | 0.4173 | 21,766.22 | 268,016.16 |
| 16 | 4,683.62 | 58,166.17 | 53,482.55 | 0.3936 | 21,053.21 | 266,676.08 |
| 17 | 4,777.29 | 59,611.60 | 54,834.30 | 0.3714 | 20,363.51 | 265,342.70 |
| 18 | 4,872.84 | 61,092.95 | 56,220.11 | 0.3503 | 19,696.37 | 264,015.98 |
| 19 | 4,970.30 | 62,611.11 | 57,640.81 | 0.3305 | 19,051.04 | 262,695.90 |
| 20 | 5,069.70 | 64,166.99 | 59,097.29 | 0.3118 | 18,426.81 | 261,382.43 |
| 21 | 5,171.10 | 65,761.54 | 60,590.45 | 0.2942 | 17,823.01 | 260,075.51 |
| 22 | 5,274.52 | 67,395.72 | 62,121.20 | 0.2775 | 17,238.95 | 258,775.14 |
| 23 | 5,380.01 | 69,070.50 | 63,690.49 | 0.2618 | 16,674.00 | 257,481.26 |
| 24 | 5,487.61 | 70,786.90 | 65,299.29 | 0.2470 | 16,127.52 | 256,193.85 |
| 25 | 5,597.36 | 72,545.96 | 66,948.60 | 0.2330 | 15,598.93 | 254,912.88 |
Cost column reconciles to the engine's PV of costs of EUR 206,198.01 (discounted) / EUR 271,465.44 (undiscounted). Benefit column reconciles to EUR 652,257.44 (discounted) / EUR 1,372,182.06 (undiscounted). NPV = discounted benefit − discounted cost = EUR 446,059.43. The year-12 cost spike of EUR 19,326.94 reflects the EUR 15,000 nominal inverter replacement plus that year's O&M and insurance. All figures above are copied verbatim from the computed engine.
| Prose input | Value used in prose | Value reflected in computed tables | Match |
|---|---|---|---|
| Horizon | 25 years | 25 rows + Year 0 | Yes |
| Discount rate | 6.00 % | 6.00 % | Yes |
| Capex (Year 0) | EUR 145,000 | Year 0 cost = 145,000.00 | Yes |
| Year-1 generation | 250 kWp × 1,150 kWh/kWp = 287,500 kWh | Year-1 energy = 287,500.00 kWh | Yes |
| Year-1 benefit | EUR 40,250 | Year-1 benefit = 40,250.00 | Yes |
| NPV | EUR 446,059 | EUR 446,059.43 | Yes |
| IRR | 27.64 % | 0.2764 | Yes |
| Discounted payback | 4.43 years | 4.43 | Yes |
| LCOE | 0.0587 EUR/kWh | 0.0587 | Yes |
Standards typically relevant for sea-coast sports-club PV:
Certification status is project-specific; verify against the EPC's declared BoM, the OEM datasheet and revision, and your local DSO grid-code annex before procurement.
| HS code (6-digit, WCO 2022) | Description (illustrative) | Duty rate | Lookup tool |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8541.43 | Photovoltaic cells assembled in modules | PENDING | EU TARIC consultation / USITC HTS / UK Global Tariff |
| 8504.40 | Static converters (string inverters) | PENDING | EU TARIC consultation |
| 7616.99 | Other articles of aluminium (racking) | PENDING | EU TARIC consultation |
| 8544.49 | Other electric conductors (DC cabling) | PENDING | EU TARIC consultation |
Lookup instructions: confirm the 6-digit HS classification with the exporter's customs broker, then check the applicable national tariff schedule (EU TARIC, UK HMRC Trade Tariff via trade-tariff.service.gov.uk, US HTSUS via hts.usitc.gov; for other jurisdictions use Japan Customs, Australian Border Force, SARS, Ghana Revenue Authority, Uganda Revenue Authority, or Turkey Ministry of Trade GTIP) for the 8–10-digit duty rate. Treat any third-party duty figure as non-binding.
Disclaimer: TradVolt does not provide legal or customs advice. Duty rates, VAT treatment, and tariff classifications must be confirmed with a licensed customs broker or competent national authority. Numbers on this page are worked illustrations, not quotations.
Next step — Request a tailored quote: Submit RFQ for this 250 kWp sea-coast sports-club configuration
Items flagged as model assumptions (O&M 2.0%, insurance 0.4%, FiT 0.06 EUR/kWh, escalation 3.0%, residual value 0, residual year 25, self-consumption 50%) are explicit bounded defaults, not published statistics. Replace with project-specific quotes and local-DSO policy confirmations before binding procurement.