Verdict (read first): For a 1 MWp DC rooftop PV array on a horticultural glasshouse in Indiana (utility rate zone r9), over a 10-year horizon at a 6.00% real discount rate, the scenario model returns NPV = USD 295,293.34, LCOE = USD 0.0730/kWh, discounted payback = 5.96 years, simple payback = 4.91 years, IRR = 15.92%. Equipment: LONGi Hi-MO 5m LR5-72HTH (540 W mono PERC) + Sungrow SG125HT string inverters + K2 Systems S-Dome 6.10 mounting. Evidence date: 2026-09-22. Limitation: capex, yield, tariff, O&M escalation and residual value are explicit bounded model assumptions; not a substitute for an OEM-quoted RFQ. Confirm duty via hts.usitc.gov before quoting a client.
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Equipment | LONGi Hi-MO 5m LR5-72HTH (540 W mono PERC) modules + Sungrow SG125HT string inverters + K2 Systems S-Dome 6.10 flat-roof mounting |
| Location | Indiana, U.S. (utility rate zone r9) |
| Horizon | 10 years |
| Discount rate (real) | 6.00% |
| NPV | USD 295,293.34 |
| Discounted payback | 5.96 years (5.962525135240018) |
| Simple payback | 4.91 years (4.90597889894983) |
| LCOE | USD 0.0730/kWh (scenario model output; benefits not netted into numerator) |
| IRR | 15.92% |
| Total undiscounted cost (10-yr) | USD 713,296.09 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs | USD 671,761.96 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (10-yr) | USD 1,320,143.53 |
| Total discounted benefit | USD 967,055.29 |
| 10-year energy aggregate (Σ kWh, years 1–10) | 12,463,527 kWh |
| Evidence date | 2026-09-22 (model run date) |
| Limitation | All capex, tariff, yield and O&M inputs are explicit bounded model assumptions. Confirm duty via hts.usitc.gov before quoting a client. |
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| DC capacity | 1,000 | kWp | Model assumption (1 MWp commercial rooftop, Indiana) |
| Specific yield (year 1) | 1,275 | kWh/kWp/yr | Model assumption; cross-check EU PVGIS (SARAH2, Indianapolis TMY, fixed open-rack, GCR 0.40) |
| Annual module degradation | 0.50 | %/yr | Model assumption; cross-check Fraunhofer ISE Photovoltaics Report |
| Module cost (FOB China) | 0.18 | USD/Wp | Model assumption; cross-check BloombergNEF Solar Module Spot Price |
| Inverter cost (string) | 0.06 | USD/Wp | Model assumption; cross-check Fraunhofer ISE Photovoltaics Report |
| BoS (structure, DC/AC cabling, combiner, monitoring) | 0.18 | USD/Wp | Model assumption; cross-check Fraunhofer ISE Photovoltaics Report |
| Soft costs (engineering, permitting, EPC margin) | 0.14 | USD/Wp | Model assumption |
| Fixed O&M (year 1) | 14.00 | USD/kWp/yr | Model assumption (opex.annual_per_kwp) |
| O&M escalation | 2.00 | %/yr | Model assumption (opex.escalation_pct) — bounded |
| Insurance | 0.30 | % of capex/yr | Model assumption (insurance line, applied within O&M) — bounded |
| Export tariff (feed-in, year 1) | 0.099 | USD/kWh | Model assumption (asset.pv.tariff_per_kwh) — bounded |
| Tariff escalation | 1.50 | %/yr | Model assumption (asset.pv.tariff_escalation_pct) — bounded |
| Self-consumption share | 0.00 | % | Model assumption (asset.pv.self_consumption_pct = ZERO-AS-MISSING; all output exported at tariff) — bounded |
| Discount rate (real) | 6.00 | %/yr | Model assumption (post-tax real, 10-yr horizon) — bounded |
| Residual value (year 10) | 0.00 | USD | Model assumption (residual_value.amount, conservative) — bounded |
| Residual year | 10 | yr | Model assumption (residual_value.year) — bounded |
| Project horizon | 10 | yr | Model assumption (base case) — bounded |
| Item | Model family | Rated spec | OEM product page |
|---|---|---|---|
| PV module (mono PERC) | LONGi Hi-MO 5m LR5-72HTH | 540 W STC; Voc ≈ 49.6 V; Isc ≈ 13.9 A | LONGi Hi-MO 9 (Hi-MO family landing; model page JS-rendered, exact datasheet confirmed at RFQ) |
| String inverter | Sungrow SG125HT | 125 kW AC, 1,500 V DC, 6 MPPTs | Sungrow string inverter range (model page JS-rendered; exact datasheet confirmed at RFQ) |
| Flat-roof mounting | K2 Systems S-Dome 6.10 | Aluminium, 10° tilt, ballast / screw options | K2 Systems N-Rack ground-mount system (S-Dome 6.10 manual supplied by K2 at RFQ) |
Alternative Tier-1 module options (real product lines, substitution at RFQ): JinkoSolar Tiger Neo 3.0 (JinkoSolar Tiger Neo 3.0; 670 W, 24.8% module efficiency, TOPCon cells); LONGi Hi-MO X6 (LONGi Hi-MO X6; HPBC cell efficiency exceeds 25.5%; HPBC+ exceeds 25.8%; variants Explorer, Scientist, Guardian Anti-Dust, Guardian Anti Humidity-Heat, Artist Ultra Black); Trina Solar Vertex S+ (Trina Solar Vertex S+). Alternative string inverters: Huawei SUN2000-150K-MG0 (Huawei SUN2000-150K-MG0); SMA Sunny Tripower CORE1 50-US / 62-US (SMA Sunny Tripower CORE1); Fronius Tauro 50-3-P (Fronius Tauro 50-3-P); Growatt (range landing Growatt, datasheet confirmed at RFQ).
Capex per watt = 0.18 + 0.06 + 0.18 + 0.14 = 0.56 USD/Wp.
Total capex = 0.56 × 1,000,000 Wp = USD 560,000.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Currency | USD |
| Horizon (years) | 10 |
| Discount rate | 6.00 % |
| Total undiscounted cost (USD) | 713,296.09 |
| Total discounted cost / PV of costs (USD) | 671,761.96 |
| Total undiscounted benefit (USD) | 1,320,143.53 |
| Total discounted benefit (USD) | 967,055.29 |
| NPV (USD) | 295,293.34 |
| IRR | 0.1592 |
| Simple payback (year) | 4.91 |
| Discounted payback (year) | 5.96 |
| LCOE (USD/kWh) | 0.0730 |
| Year | Cost (USD) | Benefit (USD) | Net (USD) | Discount factor | Discounted net (USD) | Energy (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 560,000.00 | 0.0000 | -560,000.00 | 1.00 | -560,000.00 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 14,000.00 | 126,225.00 | 112,225.00 | 0.9434 | 105,872.64 | 1,275,000.00 |
| 2 | 14,280.00 | 127,477.78 | 113,197.78 | 0.8900 | 100,745.62 | 1,268,625.00 |
| 3 | 14,565.60 | 128,743.00 | 114,177.40 | 0.8396 | 95,865.55 | 1,262,281.88 |
| 4 | 14,856.91 | 130,020.77 | 115,163.86 | 0.7921 | 91,220.57 | 1,255,970.47 |
| 5 | 15,154.05 | 131,311.23 | 116,157.18 | 0.7473 | 86,799.40 | 1,249,690.61 |
| 6 | 15,457.13 | 132,614.49 | 117,157.36 | 0.7050 | 82,591.32 | 1,243,442.16 |
| 7 | 15,766.27 | 133,930.69 | 118,164.42 | 0.6651 | 78,586.09 | 1,237,224.95 |
| 8 | 16,081.60 | 135,259.96 | 119,178.36 | 0.6274 | 74,773.98 | 1,231,038.82 |
| 9 | 16,403.23 | 136,602.41 | 120,199.18 | 0.5919 | 71,145.71 | 1,224,883.63 |
| 10 | 16,731.30 | 137,958.19 | 121,226.89 | 0.5584 | 67,692.46 | 1,218,759.21 |
LCOE convention: the COMPUTED TABLES are computed — LCOE = USD 0.0730/kWh. Export revenue is NOT netted into the LCOE numerator.
The certification framework for a 1 MWp greenhouse-rooftop PV in Indiana (r9) typically references the following standards. Certificate numbers are project-specific and are not yet issued; tradvolt does not attest to any specific certificate and buyers must obtain certificates from the issuing bodies named below.
Tariff classification — lookup required. Do not treat the rates below as facts; they must be confirmed against the official U.S. Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTSUS) at hts.usitc.gov, the WCO HS Nomenclature 2022 edition at WCO HS Nomenclature 2022 edition, and the latest CBP rulings at cbp.gov before any client quotation. US Section 301 China tariff actions may apply independently of base duty.
| Item | Suggested HTS heading | Duty rate | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Crystalline silicon PV modules | 8541.43 | PENDING — verify on hts.usitc.gov | Lookup required |
| String inverters > 50 V | 8504.40 | PENDING — verify on hts.usitc.gov | Lookup required |
| Aluminium mounting structure | 7610.90 | PENDING — verify on hts.usitc.gov | Lookup required |
| DC cables, PV-rated | 8544.49 | PENDING — verify on hts.usitc.gov | Lookup required |
Disclaimer: classification depends on cell technology, panel rating, mounting type and country of origin. AD/CVD on certain solar cells from specific origins and Section 201 safeguard measures may apply independently of the base duty. For non-US destinations, see EU TARIC, UK Global Tariff, Japan Customs tariff schedule, Australian Border Force, SARS, Ghana Revenue Authority, and Uganda Revenue Authority.
Request a single absolute RFQ for a 1 MWp greenhouse solar system in Indiana (r9).
Reviewed by tradvolt TCO model (computed), evidence date 2026-09-22. Page is informational; certificate numbers are project-specific and not yet issued. Do not redistribute datasheets outside the buyer's internal team.